What is Mouse in Computer?

Ⅰ. What is the mouse？

The mouse is a computer's external input device that also serves as an indicator of the display system's vertical and horizontal coordinates. The mouse's standard name should be "mouse," and the English term is "Mouse." The mouse's purpose is to make computer operation easier and faster, rather than the tiresome commands of the keyboard.

Douglas Engelbart, a  Ph.D.  at the  University of California, Berkeley, invented the mouse in 1964 while working at the  Stanford Research Institute  (SRI), a  Stanford University-sponsored organization, and  Douglas Engelbart had long researched how to make computers. The operation is more convenient, and the display system XY position indication is the name of the patent application that is utilized to replace the tiresome instructions input by the keyboard, 

Ⅱ. The classification of the mouse

The mouse can be divided into mechanical type, optomechanical type, and photoelectric type according to its working principle and its internal structure.

Mechanical  Mouse

The vertical and horizontal displacement changes of the mouse are reflected in the photoelectric pulse signal generated by the grating signal sensor installed at the end of the roller column, and the movement of the cursor arrow on the screen is controlled by the computer program's processing and conversion.

The first mouse was only made as a technical demonstration and was never mass-produced. Following the official introduction of the mouse into the PC, the accompanying technology was also innovated. The notion of positioning based on varying resistances has been fully abandoned in favor of a pure digital "mechanical mouse."

Unlike the original mouse, the bottom of this mechanical mouse uses a small gel ball that can be rolled in four directions rather than mutually perpendicular sheet-like spherical wheels. The ball will cause a pair of rotating shafts to rotate when it rolls (respectively, the X rotating shaft and the Y rotating shaft). At the end of the rotating shaft is a circular decoding wheel. A metal conductive sheet is mounted to the decoding wheel and is in direct contact with the brush. When the rotating shaft rotates, these metal conductive sheets and brushes will be in contact with each other in turn, and there are two forms of "on" or "off", the former corresponds to the binary number "1", and the latter corresponds to the binary number "0". These metal conductive sheets and brushes will come into contact with each other as the rotating shaft turns, and there are two types of "on" or "off": the former corresponds to the binary number "1," and the latter corresponds to the binary number "0." These binary signals are then transferred to a specific chip inside the mouse, which analyzes and processes them before generating coordinate change signals. The little ball will force the rotating shaft to revolve as long as the mouse moves on the plane, and the on-off condition of the decoding wheel will vary, resulting in a collection of distinct coordinate offsets that are reflected on the screen, allowing the cursor to follow the mouse's movement. Move and move.

This mechanical mouse, compared to the original mouse, has significantly increased usability, responsiveness, and precision, as well as being economical to manufacture, making it the first mouse product to become universally popular. The  X-axis and Y-axis of the mouse, as well as the little ball, are frequently adhered to dust and other particles due to their essentially mechanical structure, resulting in poor positioning precision. Furthermore, constantly contacted brushes and decoding wheels are significantly worn and directly harmed. Affect the mechanical mouse's service life. After a brief period of popularity, it was superseded by the equally low-cost "optical mouse," also known as the "mechanical mouse," which is still widely used today.

Optomechanical  Mouse

Logitech successfully built the first Optomechanical mouse in 1983, which is commonly referred to as "optical mouse," to solve the disadvantages of the purely mechanical mouse with low accuracy and quick wear and tear of the mechanical structure. The optical mouse is based on a pure mechanical mouse, and it improves the mouse's positioning accuracy by using optical technology. The optical mouse, like the pure mechanical mouse, has a little glueball and is attached to the X and Y shafts. The difference is that instead of a circular decoding wheel, the optical mouse contains two A grating code wheels with grating slits, as well as light-emitting diodes and photosensitive chips. The rolling ball will drive the two grating code discs of the X and Y shafts to rotate as the mouse moves around the desktop, and the light emitted by the X and Y LEDs will illuminate the grating code disc. The light emitted by the diode can be directly irradiated on the detecting head, which consists of two photosensitive chips, at the appropriate time through the grid slit. The photosensitive chip will generate a "1" signal if an optical signal is received, and a "0" signal if no optical signal is received. The signals are then transferred to a specific control chip.  which calculates the corresponding coordinate offset to determine the cursor's position on the screen.

The Optomechanical mouse, using this approach, outperforms the original pure mechanical mouse in terms of precision, dependability, and reaction sensitivity while maintaining the cheap cost advantages. It swiftly swept the market after its release, and the pure mechanical mouse was quickly supplanted. The optical mouse marked the beginning of the true mouse era, which continues to this day. This is the sort of mouse found in the majority of low-cost models. The optical mouse, on the other hand, has a congenital flaw: the little ball at the bottom is not dirt-resistant.

After a period of time, dirt will accumulate on the two spinning shafts, obstructing light flow and causing insensitive movement and cursor blocking. As a result, the optical mouse demands that the ball and rotating shaft be carefully cleaned every now and again in order to retain optimal function. It is even necessary to clean it every two or three days in a dusty atmosphere. Furthermore, as the time spent using the optical mouse increases, the optical mouse's original good operating state is lost, and response sensitivity and positioning accuracy suffer. The durability isn't quite what you'd expect.

An optomechanical mouse is one that blends optoelectronics and mechanics, as the name implies. It converts the most worn contact brushes and decoding wheels into non-contact LED light path components based on the mechanical mouse. The X and Y directions of the rollers drive the code disc to rotate when the ball rolls. On each side of the code disc, there are two sets of light-emitting diodes and phototransistors. As a result, a pulse sequence is formed with a 90° phase difference between the two-stage groups. The number of pulses denotes the mouse's displacement, while the phase indicates the direction of movement. The wear rate of the mouse is lowered due to the use of non-contact parts, resulting in a significant increase in the mouse's life and accuracy. The optical mouse has a similar design to the mechanical mouse, and it's impossible to tell the difference without opening the mouse's shell.

Photoelectric  Mouse 

An optical sensor is used in the photoelectric mouse, and it is used in the majority of modern mice. The photoelectric mouse works by shooting LED light at a 30-degree angle to the desktop, irradiating the shadow created by the surface, and then passing through the plane. Another lens feeds the refraction back to the sensor,  This is similar to a camera, only instead of taking photographs, it captures an image of the desktop and then turns the image into data, which is then used to track the mouse's moving location around the desktop.

A digital photoelectric mouse with no mechanical structure appeared about the same time as the optical mouse. The original goal in creating this optical mouse was to take mouse precision to a whole new level, allowing it to completely meet the demands of professional applications. The usual design of rolling balls and spinning shafts is absent from this photoelectric mouse. Two light-emitting diodes, a photosensitive chip.  a control chip and a grid-reflector are the essential components (equivalent to a dedicated mouse pad). The photoelectric mouse must move on the reflecting plate while working. The X and Y light-emitting diodes will emit light and irradiate on the reflective plate, respectively, and the light will then be reflected back by the reflective plate, passed through the lens assembly, and irradiated on the photosensitive chip,  The photosensitive chip turns the optical signal into a digital signal, which is then sent to the positioning chip for further processing, resulting in X-Y coordinate offset data.

Optical Mouse

Microsoft Corporation created the optical mouse, which is a high-tech mouse. It makes use of the NTELLIEYE technology. In the little hole at the bottom of the mouse, there is a small photosensitive head. A light-producing tube emitting infrared rays faces the photosensitive head. To accomplish accurate positioning, the second reflection is transmitted back to the mouse's positioning mechanism. As a result, this mouse is unrestricted in its movement.

Despite the fact that the optical mouse failed catastrophically, the benefits of an all-digital working model, no mechanical structure, and great precision have piqued industry interest. Technically, durable items are entirely possible. Microsoft and  Agilent Technologies were the first to gain success in this industry. In 1999, Microsoft released the "IntelliMouseExplorer," a second-generation optical mouse. Microsoft and Agilent collaborated on the IntelliEye optical engine, which is used in this mouse. It is also known to the outside world because it relies more on optical technologies. For the term "optical mouse."

It not only preserves the advantages of the optical mouse's high accuracy and lack of mechanical construction, but also has high reliability and durability, and can maintain a good operating condition without cleaning throughout use, attracting the industry's attention shortly after its launch. In late 2001,  Logitech partnered with Agilent to release comparable products, while Microsoft conducted its own research and development and released the second-generation IntelliEye optical engine. As a result, optical mice have split into two groups, Microsoft and Logitech. Although  Agilent Technologies understands the underlying technology of optical engines, it does not make mice; instead, it sells optical engine products to third-party mouse producers. Its technology is used in practically all non-Microsoft and  Logitech brand mice on the market.

Ⅲ. How to use the mouse?

The best way to hold the mouse is to softly press it with your palm, gently grab the thumb and little finger on both sides of the mouse, naturally bend the index and middle finger, and gently stick to the left and right mouse buttons, the fourth and fifth buttons. The ring finger falls naturally to the side and is gripped with the little finger on the side. The mouse is hooked to the belly of the thumb, index finger, and middle finger at this time, and the inner side of the ring finger and the little finger grasp the mouse's side and press down slightly, the weight of the arm falls on the arm, keep the arm still. Shake your wrist left and right without moving the mouse; it will not travel forward or backward but will move smoothly without jumping.

1. One of the most basic operations is to move the mouse. Make the mouse travel smoothly left and right, back and forth, on the concept of stabilizing the center of gravity, so that the mouse pointer on the monitor can be obedient.

1) The arm does not move while moving left and right; instead, the thumb, little finger, and ring finger are lightly glued on the mouse, and the wrist shakes left and right, causing the mouse to move as well.

2) Moving forward and backward is a little more difficult. The mouse must still be held softly and pressed down slightly with the thumb, little finger, and ring finger. If you're moving a great distance, keep moving the mouse with your arm. If the mouse moves too far, gently hold it and let it hang in the air, then pick it up and return it to its original location; because it is suspended in the air, the pointer on the monitor will not travel with it.

2. To indicate selection or selection, click the mouse. The operating method is to first stabilize the mouse, then press the mouse slightly, then softly press the index finger, and then release; the key will bounce and make a crisp clicking sound on its own, and additional fingers can then be used. It would be a disservice to move. If you make a mistake, simply click on the blank area next to it to cancel, then return and try again.

3. When you double-click the mouse, it opens and runs. The operation entails pressing the left button twice with the index finger fast. The sound should be clean and the tempo should be slightly faster. You can also cancel the restart by clicking on the blank spot.

4. Drag is the action of moving an icon to a new location or drawing a box. The approach entails holding the index finger and not releasing it, keeping it pressed and not free, and then moving left or right across a considerable distance. You must move by moving your arm, dragging in a narrow range, and moving your wrist. It's important not to let go of the index finger, and if you do, start over.