ATmega128L 8-bit Atmel Microcontroller: How to use the ATmega128L?

Contact plating (finish) provides corrosion protection for base metals and optimizes the mechanical and electrical properties of the contact interfaces.

In electronic components, the term "Mount" typically refers to the method or process of physically attaching or fixing a component onto a circuit board or other electronic device. This can involve soldering, adhesive bonding, or other techniques to secure the component in place. The mounting process is crucial for ensuring proper electrical connections and mechanical stability within the electronic system. Different components may have specific mounting requirements based on their size, shape, and function, and manufacturers provide guidelines for proper mounting procedures to ensure optimal performance and reliability of the electronic device.

The "Mounting Type" in electronic components refers to the method used to attach or connect a component to a circuit board or other substrate, such as through-hole, surface-mount, or panel mount.

refers to the protective housing that encases an electronic component, providing mechanical support, electrical connections, and thermal management.

The Manufacturer Package Identifier is a unique code or label assigned by the manufacturer to identify a specific package or housing style of an electronic component. This identifier helps in distinguishing between different package types of the same component, such as integrated circuits, transistors, or diodes. It typically includes information about the package dimensions, lead configuration, and other physical characteristics of the component. The Manufacturer Package Identifier is crucial for ensuring compatibility and proper assembly of electronic components in various devices and circuits.

The operating temperature is the range of ambient temperature within which a power supply, or any other electrical equipment, operate in. This ranges from a minimum operating temperature, to a peak or maximum operating temperature, outside which, the power supply may fail.

Semiconductor package is a carrier / shell used to contain and cover one or more semiconductor components or integrated circuits. The material of the shell can be metal, plastic, glass or ceramic.

In electronic components, the "Series" refers to a group of products that share similar characteristics, designs, or functionalities, often produced by the same manufacturer. These components within a series typically have common specifications but may vary in terms of voltage, power, or packaging to meet different application needs. The series name helps identify and differentiate between various product lines within a manufacturer's catalog.

The "JESD-609 Code" in electronic components refers to a standardized marking code that indicates the lead-free solder composition and finish of electronic components for compliance with environmental regulations.

The "Pbfree Code" parameter in electronic components refers to the code or marking used to indicate that the component is lead-free. Lead (Pb) is a toxic substance that has been widely used in electronic components for many years, but due to environmental concerns, there has been a shift towards lead-free alternatives. The Pbfree Code helps manufacturers and users easily identify components that do not contain lead, ensuring compliance with regulations and promoting environmentally friendly practices. It is important to pay attention to the Pbfree Code when selecting electronic components to ensure they meet the necessary requirements for lead-free applications.

Parts can have many statuses as they progress through the configuration, analysis, review, and approval stages.

Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL) is a standardized rating that indicates the susceptibility of electronic components, particularly semiconductors, to moisture-induced damage during storage and the soldering process, defining the allowable exposure time to ambient conditions before they require special handling or baking to prevent failures

In electronic components, the term "Terminal Position" refers to the physical location of the connection points on the component where external electrical connections can be made. These connection points, known as terminals, are typically used to attach wires, leads, or other components to the main body of the electronic component. The terminal position is important for ensuring proper connectivity and functionality of the component within a circuit. It is often specified in technical datasheets or component specifications to help designers and engineers understand how to properly integrate the component into their circuit designs.

Occurring at or forming the end of a series, succession, or the like; closing; concluding.

Peak Reflow Temperature (Cel) is a parameter that specifies the maximum temperature at which an electronic component can be exposed during the reflow soldering process. Reflow soldering is a common method used to attach electronic components to a circuit board. The Peak Reflow Temperature is crucial because it ensures that the component is not damaged or degraded during the soldering process. Exceeding the specified Peak Reflow Temperature can lead to issues such as component failure, reduced performance, or even permanent damage to the component. It is important for manufacturers and assemblers to adhere to the recommended Peak Reflow Temperature to ensure the reliability and functionality of the electronic components.

Supply voltage refers to the electrical potential difference provided to an electronic component or circuit. It is crucial for the proper operation of devices, as it powers their functions and determines performance characteristics. The supply voltage must be within specified limits to ensure reliability and prevent damage to components. Different electronic devices have specific supply voltage requirements, which can vary widely depending on their design and intended application.

In electronic components, the parameter "Frequency" refers to the rate at which a signal oscillates or cycles within a given period of time. It is typically measured in Hertz (Hz) and represents how many times a signal completes a full cycle in one second. Frequency is a crucial aspect in electronic components as it determines the behavior and performance of various devices such as oscillators, filters, and communication systems. Understanding the frequency characteristics of components is essential for designing and analyzing electronic circuits to ensure proper functionality and compatibility with other components in a system.

Time@Peak Reflow Temperature-Max (s) refers to the maximum duration that an electronic component can be exposed to the peak reflow temperature during the soldering process, which is crucial for ensuring reliable solder joint formation without damaging the component.

The "Base Part Number" (BPN) in electronic components serves a similar purpose to the "Base Product Number." It refers to the primary identifier for a component that captures the essential characteristics shared by a group of similar components. The BPN provides a fundamental way to reference a family or series of components without specifying all the variations and specific details.

Voltage is a measure of the electric potential difference between two points in an electrical circuit. It is typically represented by the symbol "V" and is measured in volts. Voltage is a crucial parameter in electronic components as it determines the flow of electric current through a circuit. It is responsible for driving the movement of electrons from one point to another, providing the energy needed for electronic devices to function properly. In summary, voltage is a fundamental concept in electronics that plays a key role in the operation and performance of electronic components.

In electronic components, the term "Interface" refers to the point at which two different systems, devices, or components connect and interact with each other. It can involve physical connections such as ports, connectors, or cables, as well as communication protocols and standards that facilitate the exchange of data or signals between the connected entities. The interface serves as a bridge that enables seamless communication and interoperability between different parts of a system or between different systems altogether. Designing a reliable and efficient interface is crucial in ensuring proper functionality and performance of electronic components and systems.

The memory capacity is the amount of data a device can store at any given time in its memory.

Wien Bridge Oscillator; RC Phase Shift Oscillator; Hartley Oscillator; Voltage Controlled Oscillator; Colpitts Oscillator; Clapp Oscillators; Crystal Oscillators; Armstrong Oscillator.

RAM size refers to the amount of random access memory (RAM) available in an electronic component, such as a computer or smartphone. RAM is a type of volatile memory that stores data and instructions that are actively being used by the device's processor. The RAM size is typically measured in gigabytes (GB) and determines how much data the device can store and access quickly for processing. A larger RAM size allows for smoother multitasking, faster loading times, and better overall performance of the electronic component. It is an important factor to consider when choosing a device, especially for tasks that require a lot of memory, such as gaming, video editing, or running multiple applications simultaneously.

Voltage - Supply (Vcc/Vdd) is a key parameter in electronic components that specifies the voltage level required for the proper operation of the device. It represents the power supply voltage that needs to be provided to the component for it to function correctly. This parameter is crucial as supplying the component with the correct voltage ensures that it operates within its specified limits and performance characteristics. It is typically expressed in volts (V) and is an essential consideration when designing and using electronic circuits to prevent damage and ensure reliable operation.

The parameter "uPs/uCs/Peripheral ICs Type" refers to the classification of various integrated circuits used in electronic devices. It encompasses microprocessors (uPs), microcontrollers (uCs), and peripheral integrated circuits that provide additional functionalities. This classification helps in identifying the specific type of chip used for processing tasks, controlling hardware, or interfacing with other components in a system. Understanding this parameter is essential for selecting the appropriate electronic components for a given application.

The term "Core Processor" typically refers to the central processing unit (CPU) of a computer or electronic device. It is the primary component responsible for executing instructions, performing calculations, and managing data within the system. The core processor is often considered the brain of the device, as it controls the overall operation and functionality. It is crucial for determining the speed and performance capabilities of the device, as well as its ability to handle various tasks and applications efficiently. In modern devices, core processors can have multiple cores, allowing for parallel processing and improved multitasking capabilities.

In the context of electronic components, "Peripherals" refer to devices or components that are connected to a main system or device to enhance its functionality or provide additional features. These peripherals can include input devices such as keyboards, mice, and touchscreens, as well as output devices like monitors, printers, and speakers. Other examples of peripherals include external storage devices, network adapters, and cameras. Essentially, peripherals are external devices that expand the capabilities of a main electronic system or device.

Program memory typically refers to flash memory when it is used to hold the program (instructions). Program memory may also refer to a hard drive or solid state drive (SSD). Contrast with data memory.

Core size in electronic components refers to the physical dimensions of the core material used in devices such as inductors and transformers. The core size directly impacts the performance characteristics of the component, including its inductance, saturation current, and frequency response. A larger core size typically allows for higher power handling capabilities and lower core losses, while a smaller core size may result in a more compact design but with limitations on power handling and efficiency. Designers must carefully select the core size based on the specific requirements of the application to achieve optimal performance and efficiency.

Program Memory Size refers to the amount of memory available in an electronic component, such as a microcontroller or microprocessor, that is used to store program instructions. This memory is non-volatile, meaning that the data stored in it is retained even when the power is turned off. The program memory size determines the maximum amount of code that can be stored and executed by the electronic component. It is an important parameter to consider when selecting a component for a specific application, as insufficient program memory size may limit the functionality or performance of the device.

In electronic components, "Connectivity" refers to the ability of a component to establish and maintain connections with other components or devices within a circuit. It is a crucial parameter that determines how easily signals can be transmitted between different parts of a circuit. Connectivity can be influenced by factors such as the number of input and output ports, the type of connectors used, and the overall design of the component. Components with good connectivity are essential for ensuring reliable and efficient operation of electronic systems.

In electronic components, "Bit Size" refers to the number of bits that can be processed or stored by a particular component. A bit is the smallest unit of data in computing and can have a value of either 0 or 1. The Bit Size parameter is commonly used to describe the capacity or performance of components such as microprocessors, memory modules, and data buses. A larger Bit Size generally indicates a higher processing capability or storage capacity, allowing for more complex operations and larger amounts of data to be handled efficiently. It is an important specification to consider when selecting electronic components for specific applications that require certain levels of performance and data processing capabilities.

Access time in electronic components refers to the amount of time it takes for a system to retrieve data from memory or storage once a request has been made. It is typically measured in nanoseconds or microseconds and indicates the speed at which data can be accessed. Lower access time values signify faster performance, allowing for more efficient processing in computing systems. Access time is a critical parameter in determining the overall responsiveness of electronic devices, particularly in applications requiring quick data retrieval.

Has ADC refers to the presence of an Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) in an electronic component. An ADC is a crucial component in many electronic devices as it converts analog signals, such as voltage or current, into digital data that can be processed by a digital system. Having an ADC allows the electronic component to interface with analog signals and convert them into a format that can be manipulated and analyzed digitally. This parameter is important for applications where analog signals need to be converted into digital form for further processing or control.

DMA (Direct Memory Access) Channels are a feature found in electronic components such as microcontrollers, microprocessors, and peripheral devices. DMA Channels allow data to be transferred directly between peripherals and memory without involving the CPU, thereby reducing the burden on the CPU and improving overall system performance. Each DMA Channel is typically assigned to a specific peripheral device or memory region, enabling efficient data transfer operations. The number of DMA Channels available in a system determines the concurrent data transfer capabilities and can vary depending on the specific hardware design. Overall, DMA Channels play a crucial role in optimizing data transfer efficiency and system performance in electronic devices.

The data bus width in electronic components refers to the number of bits that can be transferred simultaneously between the processor and memory. It determines the amount of data that can be processed and transferred in a single operation. A wider data bus allows for faster data transfer speeds and improved overall performance of the electronic device. Common data bus widths include 8-bit, 16-bit, 32-bit, and 64-bit, with higher numbers indicating a larger capacity for data transfer. The data bus width is an important specification to consider when evaluating the speed and efficiency of a computer system or other electronic device.

DAC Channels refer to the number of independent analog output channels available in a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) electronic component. Each channel can convert a digital input signal into an analog output voltage or current. The number of DAC channels determines how many separate analog signals can be generated simultaneously by the DAC. For example, a DAC with two channels can output two different analog signals at the same time, while a DAC with only one channel can only output a single analog signal. The number of DAC channels is an important specification to consider when selecting a DAC for applications requiring multiple analog outputs.

A computer system has an address bus with 8 parallel lines. This means that the address bus width is 8 bits.

In electronic components, "Density" refers to the mass or weight of a material per unit volume. It is a physical property that indicates how tightly packed the atoms or molecules are within the material. The density of a component can affect its performance and characteristics, such as its strength, thermal conductivity, and electrical properties. Understanding the density of electronic components is important for designing and manufacturing processes to ensure optimal performance and reliability.

EEPROM Size refers to the amount of memory capacity available in an Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM) chip. This parameter indicates the total storage space in bytes or bits that can be used to store data in a non-volatile manner. The EEPROM size determines the maximum amount of information that can be written, read, and erased from the memory chip. It is an important specification to consider when selecting an EEPROM for a particular application, as it directly impacts the amount of data that can be stored and accessed by the electronic component.

The parameter "REACH SVHC" in electronic components refers to the compliance with the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) regulation regarding Substances of Very High Concern (SVHC). SVHCs are substances that may have serious effects on human health or the environment, and their use is regulated under REACH to ensure their safe handling and minimize their impact.Manufacturers of electronic components need to declare if their products contain any SVHCs above a certain threshold concentration and provide information on the safe use of these substances. This information allows customers to make informed decisions about the potential risks associated with using the components and take appropriate measures to mitigate any hazards.Ensuring compliance with REACH SVHC requirements is essential for electronics manufacturers to meet regulatory standards, protect human health and the environment, and maintain transparency in their supply chain. It also demonstrates a commitment to sustainability and responsible manufacturing practices in the electronics industry.

Radiation hardening is the process of making electronic components and circuits resistant to damage or malfunction caused by high levels of ionizing radiation, especially for environments in outer space (especially beyond the low Earth orbit), around nuclear reactors and particle accelerators, or during nuclear accidents or nuclear warfare.

RoHS means “Restriction of Certain Hazardous Substances” in the “Hazardous Substances Directive” in electrical and electronic equipment.

Lead Free is a term used to describe electronic components that do not contain lead as part of their composition. Lead is a toxic material that can have harmful effects on human health and the environment, so the electronics industry has been moving towards lead-free components to reduce these risks. Lead-free components are typically made using alternative materials such as silver, copper, and tin. Manufacturers must comply with regulations such as the Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) directive to ensure that their products are lead-free and environmentally friendly.